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African Traditional Religions Study Guide · Yoruba · Akan · Bantu · Dogon · Diaspora

African Traditional Religions

Yoruba · Akan · Bantu · Dogon · Candomblé · Santería · Haitian Vodou · Living Traditions

The traditions dismissed as 'primitive animism' for two centuries — which turn out to include one of the most sophisticated divination systems ever created (Ifa, recognized by UNESCO), a metaphysics of vital force that independently parallels Hindu prana and Chinese qi, a philosophy of community (Ubuntu) that anticipated Buddhist interdependence, and a religious tradition so durable it survived the Middle Passage and remade itself in three continents. Not museum pieces. Living traditions with hundreds of millions of practitioners, and still growing.

Recommended reading: Wande Abimbola's Ifa: An Exposition of Ifa Literary Corpus. John Mbiti's African Religions and Philosophy. Kofi Asare Opoku's West African Traditional Religion. Jacob Olupona's African Religions: A Very Short Introduction. Lydia Cabrera's El Monte (Santería).

Four Traditions Covered in Depth
Yoruba
Nigeria, Benin
Olodumare, 401 Orisha, Ifa divination, ashe, Eshu
→ Candomblé, Santería, Vodou
Akan
Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire
Nyame, Abosom, Anansi, Sankofa, Adinkra
→ Jamaican Anansi stories
Bantu
Central and Southern Africa
Ubuntu, vital force (ntú), ancestors, Sangoma
→ Ubuntu philosophy globally
Dogon
Mali
Nommo, Pale Fox, Sirius cosmology, Dama ceremony
→ Debated astronomical knowledge
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Where This Fits in the Library

African traditional religions are the library's most significant gap-closing entry. Every other tradition in the library has received centuries of academic and cultural attention; African traditional religions received centuries of active suppression and dismissal. Putting them in the same library, in the same format, at the same standard, is itself a Sankofa act — going back to fetch what was lost from the table.

The tradition's most distinctive contribution: community as a spiritual category that includes the living, the dead, and the not-yet-born as simultaneous members. In every other tradition in the library, the dead have gone somewhere. In ATRs, they are still here, still members, still at the table. That is the most radical statement about the continuity of being in the entire collection.

"Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu — a person is a person through other persons." — Bantu philosophical tradition

Non-denominational reference guide · Wande Abimbola and John Mbiti recommended · Read alongside the Hermetic Corpus and Mesoamerican guides